Means for intermixing fluids



O. F. BRUMANN.

MEANS FOR INTERMI XING FLUIDS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-18. 1919.

1,387,832, Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

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r :52 ii 1 .E\1 l i/NVfNTOR OTTO F. BRUMANN, OF LEYSIN-VILLAGE, SWITZERLAND.

MEANS FOR INTERMIXING FLUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

Application filed September 18, 1919. Serial No. 324,550.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Orro FRANZ BRU- MAXN, a citizen of the Swiss Confederation, and residing at Leysin-Village, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Intermixing Fluids, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its object an improved method and means for mixing gases with liquids or for intermixing two or more liquids, especially those of different specific gravity. According to this invention the fluids to be intermixed are conducted into a turbine and are caused to impinge on the rotor blades thereof, which causes the wheel to rotate. The velocity of the turbine may be kept constant, despite fluctuations in the pressure of the fluids, by means of an electrical motor, a transmission gearing or the like, coupled to the turbine shaft.

In order to obtain the maximum mixing effect the turbine is driven at the maximum speed it is capable of attaining, when entirely fr e or" load, under the action of the driving fluid, at which time the external work of the turbine theoretically equals zero, so that all supplied energy is absorbed by the internal work, that is mainly by the mixing work. It will be understood that any given pressure of the driving fluid causes a correlative maximum rotary speed of the turbine, in the sense above defined if, for instance, the useful work of a turbine, used as a motor, amounts to about 80% of the available energy, then the losses will respectively amount to about 40-20%; the lower the latter are, the better it is for the desired external dynamic effect.

In the present case the situation is reversed since the object to be attained is not an increased output of a motor, but a very thorough commingling of the fluids, in which just that work is utilized which is lost in the motor in the form of friction, power impulses and eddies. According to my invention these losses are intentionally amplified with the result that a relatively large amount of internal work is obtained in the above stated form, which work is then utilized to so break up and scatter the speeifi cally heavier fluid, for instance water, that the respective lighter fluid, for instance gas, can readily invade the heavier fluid and become intimately mixed therewith.

My invention will best be understood when described in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 represents the potential parabola of a turbine; F 1g. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an installation suitable for the purposes of my invention.

In Fig. l V denotes the blade velocity, P the useful output, E the available energy,

the energy parabola, and F the impulse on the blades. The point C then represents the maximum external work of an ordinary turbine when used as prime mover, while the point B represents the minimum external work of the turbine when operating as mixer.

For keeping the operation constant the mixing turbine is coupled directly to an electrical machine or other motor, which is used as a regulator. The rotary speed of this electromotor corresponds to the maximum speed attainable by the turbine, when entirely free of load, under the action of the driving fluid. If less fluid enters the latter its speed will decrease and the electric motor then acts drivingly on the turbine; if more fluid enters, then the motor will act like a dynamo, its current being equalized by the conductors connected to the motor. This regulation has the advantage that a harmful throttling down of the fluids is avoided and that also on relatively low fluid pressure a good mixing action is obtained. The required regulating work is of rather little extent in comparison to the obtained mixing efiect.

For enhancing the mixing effect the obtained mixture may be conducted successively to further rotors, which are to be arranged coaxially to the main rotor and which can ride idly on the shaft or are fixed thereto. In the latter instance the fluid passages between blades of one wheel are displaced or staggered relative to those of the adjacent wheel. The mixing device may be arranged vertically or horizontally, and the admission may be radial instead of axial and it may be partial instead of full, without the operation of the installation as described being in any way interfered with.

In the construction, diagramn'latically shown in Fig. 2, the reference numeral 1 denotes the prime mover, for instance an electromotor, which is coupled to the turbine by the shaft z. Liquid enters the nozzles 3 through the supply pipe 8, while the. gas coming in at 9 is conducted to the nozzles 4.

The main turbine wheel 5, the rotor, which is fixed on the shaft 2, carries the blades 7 and, I

on the fluids issuing from the nozzles 3 and 4 impinging on these blades 7, 1S caused to rotate in a direction corresponding to that of the electric machine, though the velocities of turbine wheel and electromotor, if left to themselves, may be different. A second blade wheel or rotor 6, arranged loosely on theshaft 2, belowthe wheel 5 will vbe taken along by the gyrating'mixture implnging on its blades 7' and will thus enhancef the mix-; ing effect. The mixture finally is deposited in the bottom part of the'turbine drumilo from where it can be Withdrawn at 11f.

If a still highermixing effect is to be obtained themixture canbe reconducted from the drum 10 back again into turbine through the pipe 12, theturbinefon a relatively small lift acting also as pump. v

The described method is specially suited for the manufacture of gas-waterbaths, for, instance carbonic acid baths, for "making mineral waters, and for many uses in the chemical industries.

\Vhat I claim is 1f. In a deyice of the character described, a shaft,a turbine wheel thereon to which a driving medium is fed, means for feeding the driving mediumto the wheel, whereby the wheel is rotated and the medium is mixed, and means coupled to the turbine, to compensate for: any change in speeddueto the" pressure fluctuations in the driving medium.

2. In a device of the character described,

a shaft, a plurality of coaxial turbine wheels thereon to which a driving-medium is fed, means for feeding the drivlng medlum to thereon to which the driving medium is successively fed, means for feeding the driving medium to the Wheels whereby the energy which, still inheres in the medium. as it leavesone-of the wheels is utilized'for effectingthe IlllXlllg act onin the next wheel, an electric machine coupled, to the. turb ne, means whereby the speed of the electric machine, is keptequal to that .of the turbine under, normal working pressure of. the driving. medium, whereby said ,electrio niachine will compensate for any change in speed of the turbine due to, pressure v fluctuations in the driving medium I e 4. In a devlce, of the ,characterdescr bed,

' a shaft a plurality of coaxial turbine wheels thereon to which a 'ClllV111g 1116(llul11 1S sues.

cessively fed, means, for ,feedin-e".tlie driving medium to the wheels L whereby the energy still inhering in themedium as it leaves one of the whee llsis utilized for ,effectinga mixing action in the next wheel, a motor coupled to the turbine and means whereby the. speed of the motor is kept equal to that of the tur- "bine under normal workingpressure of the driving medium, whereby said motor will compensate tor any change n speed of the turbinedueto pressure fluctuations, in the driving medium. 7 i

' is OTTO F. BRUMANN. 

